Information on Cytokines
Human
recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra)
The IL-1 family consists of 2 agonists, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, and a specific
naturally occurring receptor antagonist, IL-1Ra. Both forms of IL-1 induce
intracellular responses through binding to the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) on
target cells. IL-1Ra exists in two well-characterized forms, 17-kDa secretory
IL-1Ra (sIL-1Ra) and 18-kDa intracellular IL-1Ra (icIL-1Ra), that arise by
alternative transcription of the same IL-1Ra gene. A third, lower molecular mass
form (approximately 16 kDa) was detected by immunoblot within lysates of a
variety of cells, including human monocytes and myelomonocytic cell lines.
IL-1Ra shows 26% amino acid homology to IL-1alpha and 19% homology to IL-1beta.
Human IL-1Ra binds to human IL-1R (both I and II) with an avidity equal to that
of IL-1 but fails to stimulate the cells, thus functioning as an inhibitor of
IL-1 binding. Endogenous production of IL-1Ra is an important anti-inflammatory
mechanism both in animal models of disease and in human disease.
Cat#: P4011
Pack Size: 0.1 mg, lyophilised with
carrier
Price: £300
Source: Е.coli BL-21
MW: 17 kDa
Purity: >95% determined by HPLC and
SDS-PAGE
Biological Activity: Specific activity
of IL-1ra in the test of blockage of lymphocyte proliferation of mouse thymus
induced by IL-1
Impurity with DNA of E.coli (mol.
hybridization): < 45.0 pg/mg
Impurity with E.coli LPS: < 10 ng/mg of
protein
Toxicity: non-toxic in test-dose of
1000 mg/10ml of 0.9%NaCl
Sterilized: yes
Pyrogenity:
Non-pyrogenic in the test-dose of 0,00005mg per a kg of rabbit mass
Storage Temp: -20°C
Cell culture tested
Literature References:
1. Arend WP. The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in disease. Cytokine Growth
Factor Rev. 2002 Aug-Oct;13(4-5):323-40.
2. Witkin SS, Gerber S, Ledger WJ. Influence of interleukin-1 receptor
antagonist gene polymorphism on disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Jan
15;34(2):204-9. Epub 2001 Dec 07.
3. Tedgui A, Mallat Z. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the vascular wall. Circ
Res. 2001 May 11;88(9):877-87.
4. Malyak M, Smith MF Jr, Abel AA, Hance KR, Arend WP. The differential
production of three forms of IL-1 receptor antagonist by human neutrophils and
monocytes. Immunol. 1998 Aug 15;161(4):2004-10.
5. Symons JA, et al., 1987, Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical Approach
Human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α)
IL-1 is a name that designates
two proteins, IL-1α and IL-1β, that are products of distinct genes but recognise
the same cell surface receptor. IL-1α and IL-1βare structurally related
polypeptides that show approximately 25% homology at the amino acid level. Both
proteins are produced by variety of cells in response to stimuli such as those
produced by inflammatory agents, infections or microbial endotoxins.
Cat#: P4007
Pack Size: 0.1 mg, lyophilised with
carrier
Price: £300
Source: Е.coli BL-21
Purity: >97% determined by HPLC and
SDS-PAGE
Biological Activity: Specific activity
of IL-1a in the test of augmentation of lymphocyte proliferation of mouse thymus
- 0,58x10E+8 U/mg of protein
Isoelectric
Point: pI=5.4 ±0.1
Impurity with DNA of E.coli (mol.
hybridization): < 41.3 pg/mg
Toxicity: non-toxic in test-dose of
0,05 mg per kg
Sterilized: yes
Pyrogenity:
Non-pyrogenic in the test-dose of 0,05mg per a kg of rabbit mass
Storage Temp: -20°C
Cell culture tested
Literature References:
Symons, J.A., et al., Clemens, M.J., Lymphokines and Interferons,
A Practical Approach , Oxford (1987), 272
Human recombinant
Interferon alpha 2b (IFN-α2b)
Interferon-α (INF-α), also known as leukocyte
interferon, comprises a grope of related but distinct proteins that share over
95 % amino acid sequence homology. They are members of the type I interferon
family which share a common cell surface receptor composed of two subunits, 100
kDa ligand-binding subunit (INF-αR1) and a 125 kDa subunit (INF-αR2) that is
involved both in ligand binding and signal transduction. INF-α has both
anti-viral and immunomodulatory activities on target cells.
Cat#: P4003
Pack Size: 0.1 mg, lyophilised with
carrier
Price: £250
Source: Pseudomonas putida
MW: 19.2 kDa
Contaminations: protein <2% (HPLC), DNA
<50pg/mg of protein
Purity: >98% determined by HPLC and
PAGE
Biological Activity: >2.5 x 10E+8
unit/mg was determined in the cytopathic effect inhibition assay using human
diploid fibroblast cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). A cytopathic
effect of 50% was produced with 1 unit/ml interferon. The units are determined
according to the international reference standard provided by WHO.
Sterilized: yes
Storage Temp: -70°C
Cell culture tested
Literature References:
1.
Rubinstein, S., et al., Convenient assay for
interferons J. Virol. 37, 755-758 (1981)
2. Familletti, P, et al., A convenient and rapid cytopathic effect inhibition
assay for interferon. Meth. Enzymol. 78, 387-394 (1981)
3. Pestka, S, Interferon standards and general abbreviations Meth. Enzymol. 119,
14-23 (1986)
4. Higashihara J, Saito T, Berens ME, Welander CE. Effects of scheduling and
ascites-associated macrophages on combined antiproliferative activity of
alpha-2b interferon and gamma-interferon in a clonogenic assay.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1988; 22(3):215-22.
5. Chawla-Sarkar M, Lindner DJ, Liu YF, Williams BR, Sen GC, Silverman RH,
Borden EC. Apoptosis and interferons: role of interferon-stimulated genes as
mediators of apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2003 Jun;8(3):237-49.
6. Takaoka A, Taniguchi T. New aspects of IFN-alpha/beta signalling in immunity,
oncogenesis and bone metabolism. Cancer Sci. 2003 May;94(5):405-11.
Human recombinant
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
Interferon-gamma (IFN-g) is produced mainly by
T-cells and natural killer cells activated by antigens, mitogens, or
alloantigens. IFN-g displays antiviral and antiparasitic activities and also
exhibits antiproliferative effects on normal and transformed cells. IFN-g
increases functions and cell surface antigen expression of several cell types
including macrophage, natural killer cell, MHC class I and II.
Cat#: P4005
Pack Size: 0.1 mg, lyophilised with
carrier
Price: £250
Source: Escherichia coli
MW: 16.7 kDa
Purity: >97% determined by HPLC and
PAGE
Biological Activity: The biological
activity has been tested in anti-viral assays using HeLa cells infected with EMC
virus. The proliferative activity was assayed in culture by measuring MTT
absorbance by WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma cells using a modification of the
method of Pfizenmaier, K., et al.
Sterilized: yes
Storage Temp: -20°C
Cell culture tested
Literature References:
1. Brod SA. Ingested type I
interferon: state of the art as treatment for autoimmunity. Exp Biol Med
(Maywood). 2002 Dec;227(11):981-8. Review.
2. Lukacher AE. IFN-gamma suspends the killing license of anti-tumor CTLs. J
Clin Invest. 2002 Nov;110(10):1407-9. Review.
3. Hooker A, James D. The glycosylation heterogeneity of recombinant human IFN-gamma.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1998 May;18(5):287-95. Review.
4. Froyen G, Billiau A. Potential therapeutic use of antibodies directed towards
HuIFN-gamma. Biotherapy. 1997;10(1):49-57. Review.
5. Pfizenmaier, K., et al., Differential gamma-interferon response of human
colon carcinoma cells: inhibition of proliferation and modulation of
immunogenicity as independent effects of gamma-interferon on tumor cell growth.
Cancer Res. 45, 3503-3509 (1985)
6. Meager, A., Clemens, M.J., ed., Lymphokines and Interferons, A Practical
Approach , Oxford (1987), 129
